The characteristics of Nitrogen Monoxide Essay

Nitric Oxide also known as Nitrogen Monoxide and Nitrogen(II) Oxide is a so called laughing gas that can be found at dentist office which came from the family of oxides of nitrogen. Nitric oxide is a toxic gas with a chemical formula of NO. This NO formed in many reactions in which nitric acid is reduced, as in reaction with copper. It reacts immediately with oxygen to form Nitrogen Dioxide. This nitrogen monoxide, NO, which is a compound with an odd number of electrons. It has a total of 11 valence electrons six from oxygen and five from nitrogen.
1990s, the plant researchers only focused NO as an atmospheric pollutant. But, in the mid-1990s, data presenting NO as an inducer of leaf expansions, root growth and phytoalexin production ( Leshem, 1996 Noritake et al., 1996) and the identifications of plants as active NO producers (Wildt et al., 1997) suddenly brought NO into the focus of plant scientist. ( Grun S., 2006)
Therefore, there is now compelling evidence that NO functions as signalling molecules in plant. NO is a free radical gas with well characterised signalling roles. NO is also a major signal molecule in plants. NO signal transduction is discussed here because it seems likely that nitric oxide can be synthesised during stress responses at the same time. It may because of cellular effect reflect responses to nitric oxide.
NO modifies a specific amino acid and this change favours the degradation of the transcription factor that maintains the dormancy of the seed, allowing it to germinate. This process is essential because the seeds have to germinate at the right moment for the plant to be viable this time is generally related to the season of the year, regardless of whether the environmental conditions such as temperature or humidity are suitable. In addition, NO also plays a vital role in the accumulation of fatty acids such as oleic or linoleic acid by the seed. These reserves "feed" the new seedling when it begins to develop. (Jos Pichel Andrs,2015). From the experiment conducted by Maria Cristina Lombardo et al., NO is responsible in the development of root which include the lateral root formation, primary root growth and adventitious root formation. NO also significant in hormonal stress which include responses to biotic and abiotic stresses (Lamattina et al., 2003 Delledonne, 2005 Besson-Bard et al., 2008b Neill et al., 2008). NO also play crucial roles in the disease resistance of plant, responses to biotic stress, extreme temperature, ozone and UV radiation. As we aware, NO is an specie with an odd total number of electron which makes it as free radical. Hence, it responsible in heavy metal, mineral deficiency, salt tolerance, hypoxia, defense genes induction, drought and wounding in plant. NO also play significant roles in tube growth regulation and flowering control. (Patricia Domingos et al., 2014) . NO also play major roles in ripening of fruit. It also responsible in senescence because it have programmed cell death which described by Neils et al.,